Module I:
R Introduction – R Advantages and Disadvantages – R Installation – RStudio IDE – R Basics – R Basic Syntax – R Data Types – R Variables – R Keyword – R Operators
Module - II:
R Control structures – R If statements – R if else, R else if statements, R switch - R Looping statements – R For loop – R while Loop – R Repeate Loop
Module – III:
R data structures – R vectors – R arrays – R Matrix – R Data Frame – R Factors – R Graphics – R Plot – R Line – R Scatter Plot – R pie charts – R Histogram – R Bars
R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is currently developed by the R Development Core Team. R is freely available under the GNU General Public License.
R Programming is a programming language and software environment designed for statistical computing, data analysis, and visualization. It is widely used by statisticians, data scientists, researchers, and analysts.
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Features of R:-
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•Open-source and free to use.
•Excellent for statistical analysis and mathematical computations.
•Powerful data visualization with libraries like ggplot2.
•Large collection of packages through CRAN.
•Supports machine learning, data mining, and predictive analytics.
•Works on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Applications of R:-
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•Data analysis and visualization
•Statistical modeling
•Machine learning
•Bioinformatics
•Financial analysis
•Research and academic projects
•Business analytics
Basic Data Types:
---------------
-Basic data types in R can be divided into the following types:
1) numeric - (10.5, 55, 787)
2) integer - (1L, 55L, 100L, where the letter "L" declares this as an integer)
3) complex - (9 + 3i, where "i" is the imaginary part)
4) character (a.k.a. string) - ("k", "R is exciting", "FALSE", "11.5")
5) logical (a.k.a. boolean) - (TRUE or FALSE)Basic Data Types
Common Data Structures:-
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•Vector
•Matrix
•Array
•List
•Data Frame
•Factor
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Note:
-----
1) print(c)
2) message(c) -- not showing args no.
3) cat(c) -- not showing args no.
4) print("Result is :",c) --> invalid
5) cat("Result is :",c)
6) message("Result is :",c)
7) paste("a :",a," b:",b," c:",c) - concatenate
9) math function : max,min,sqrt,abs,ceiling,floor
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#program 1 : display your name
print("welcome") --- with args
print("hi")
------------------
#program 2 : display your name
message("welcome")
message("hi")
---------------
#Program 3 : Display string
a="welcome"
message(a)
--------------------
#Program 4: Display integer
a=10
print(a)
#print("a is",a) --- Error
message("a is =",a)
-----------------------
#Program 5 : Display integer
a=10
b=20
message("a is =",a," b is =",b)
-------------------------------
#Program 6: display integer
a<-10
message("a is :",a)
---------------------
#Program 7: display floating point(numeric)
a<-10.5546
message("a is :",a)
---------------------
#Program 8: display floating point
a<-10.5546
x1=sprintf(a, fmt = '%#.2f')
message("Result is:",x1)
---------------------
#Program 9: display Boolean
a<-TRUE
b<-FALSE
message(a)
message(b)
-----------------------
#Program 10: display complex
a<-10+2i
message(a)
-----------------
#Program 11: print multiple values
a<-b<-c<-10
message("a =",a)
message("b =",b)
message("c =",c)
-------------------
#Program 12:display Type
a<-10
print(typeof(a))
b<-10L
print(typeof(b))
c<10.5
print(typeof(c))
d<-"jahab"
print(typeof(d))
a<-TRUE
print(typeof(a))
a<-2+3i
print(typeof(a))
--------------------
##Program 13:display type
a<-10
b<-20.5
c<-"jahab"
print(class(a))
print(class(b))
print(class(c))
------------------
#Program 14:check type
a<-10
b<-10.5
c<-"jahab"
d<-TRUE
e<-2+3i
print(is.integer(a))
print(is.numeric(b))
print(is.character(c))
print(is.logical(d))
print(is.complex(e))
----------------------
#Program 14:Addition of two integer number
a<-10
b<-20
c=a+b
print(c)
#print("Result is",c) -----------error
message("Result is:",c)------------without args
---------------------------
#Program 15:Addition of two numeric number
a<-10.335
b<-20.45454
c=a+b
print("result is :",c)
-----------------------
#Program 16
a<-10.335
b<-20.45454
c=a+b
x1=sprintf(c, fmt = '%#.2f')
message("Result is:",x1)
-------------------------
#Program 17: addition of two complex numbers
a<-10+5i
b<-2+3i
c=a+b
message("complex addition:",c)
---------------------------------
#Program 18 : using maths function
a<-25
message("root is:",sqrt(a))
message(ceiling(10.3)) --- next integer
message(floor(10.3)) --- previous
message(abs(-13)) ---- -ve to +ve
message("round is:",round(10.3434))----whole
max(5, 10, 15)
min(5, 10, 15)
------------------------
1) getwd() # See current working directory
2) setwd("C:/path/to/folder") # Change working directory
3) source("script.R")
#Program 1: get and print string without prompt
name<-readline()
message("output is :",name)
#Program 2: get and print string with prompt keyword
name<-readline(prompt="Enter your name:")
message("output is :",name)
#Program 3: get and print string(prompt - optional)
name<-readline("Enter your name:")
message("output is :",name)
#Program 4: get and print integer value(method-1)
a<-readline("Enter a :")
a<-as.integer(a)
message("Output is :",a)
#Program 5: get and print integer value(method-2)
a<-as.integer(readline("Enter a :"))
message("Output is :",a)
#Program 6: get and print numeric
a<-as.numeric(readline("Enter a :"))
message("Output is :",a)
#Program 7: get and print char
a<-as.character(readline("Enter a :"))
message("Output is :",a)
-----------------------------------------
#Program8: Addition of two numbers(integer)
a=as.integer(readline("Enter a :"))
b=as.integer(readline("Enter b :"))
c=a+b
print(c)
--------------------------------
(or)
a<-as.integer(readline("Enter a :"))
b<-as.integer(readline("Enter b :"))
c<-a+b
print(c)
(or)
a<-as.integer(readline(prompt="Enter a :"))
b<-as.integer(readline(prompt="Enter b :"))
c<-a+b
print(c)
(or)
a<-as.integer(readline("Enter a :"))
b<-as.integer(readline("Enter b :"))
c<-a+b
message(paste("a :",a," b:",b," c:",c))
-----------------------------------
#Program9 : Addition of two numbers(float)
a=as.numeric(readline("Enter a :"))
b=as.numeric(readline("Enter b :"))
c=a+b
print(c)
-------------------------
#Program10 : division of two numbers
a=as.integer(readline("Enter a :"))
b=as.integer(readline("Enter b :"))
c=a/b #floating division
print(c)
--------------------------
#Program11 : division of two numbers
a=as.numeric(readline("Enter a :"))
b=as.numeric(readline("Enter b :"))
c=a/b #floating division
print(c)
-------------------------
#Program12 : division of two numbers
a=as.numeric(readline("Enter a :"))
b=as.numeric(readline("Enter b :"))
c=a%/%b #integer division
print(c)
--------------------------
#Program13 : remainder
a=as.numeric(readline("Enter a :"))
b=as.numeric(readline("Enter b :"))
c=a%%b
print(c)
---------------------------
#Program14 : find volume
r<-as.numeric(readline("Enter radious value :"))
h<-as.numeric(readline("Enter height value :"))
v=(1/3)*3.14*r*r*h
message("volume is :",v)
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