Computer Basics

Software

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Software : set of programs

Program  : set of coding or instruction or commands

coding   : how to solve problems step by step

User Real-time problem------------------------------systematic or device manner

                                             software(s/w)

Ex1:

    2+3------------------------------------------Systematic or device

                   Calculator

Ex2 : 

   Search---------------------------------------------Systematic or device

         Browser (IE, Google Chrome, Firefox, Opera, Edge etc.,)

Ex3 : 

   Audio/Video--------------------------------------Systematic or device

                      Player (VLC, KM Player etc.,)

Ex4 : 

   Message(chat)-----------------------------------Systematic or device

                           (fb, WhatsApp, Instagram)

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Types of software

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1. Application software

2. System software

1. Application software

 --------------------------

-can be visible

-windows based (GUI (Graphical User Interface) based)

-It performs request and response (user interaction)

-user can directly working with the software

Ex:

   MS-Word, MS-excel, browser, calculator, Photoshop, paint

2. System software

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-can't be visible

-system (Computer) programs (in-build programs)

-backbone of application software (provides a platform for other software)

Ex:

   1) OS 2) Translators 3) Device Drives  4) Firm ware 

   5) Anti-Virus Software 6) System cleaning Software's

1) OS

-----

-Operating System

-brain of the computer

-control of system like input and output management

-memory Management, file Management

-Resource management (keyboard, pen drive, Mouse, Printer, Web Cam)

-manages all hardware and software resources

Ex:

  PC  : Windows (98, XP, Vista, NT, 7, 8, 10, 11), DOS, Linux, Unix, Mac

Mobile: Android, iOS, Blackberry, Colors (oppo), Funtouch (vivo), windows, (Tizen, bada - Samsung)

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2) Translator

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-It is a System software or system programs

-It is used to converts Source code(High level) to machine code(low level)

                                    Translator

source code-------------------------------------machine code

(user understand)                                   (machine understand)

(English)                                               (0,1), binary code, low level, target, object

(High level)

Ex:  Compiler, Interpreter, Assembler

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Compiler

-------

-Compiler is a Translator

-Compiler is a System software

-Compiler is a System programs

-It is used to converts Source code (High level) to machine code (low level) as a whole

-First : Check errors

-Second : machine code conversion

                                          Compiler  

source code---------------------------------------------machine code

(user understand)                                               (machine understand)

(English)                                               (0,1),binary code, low level, target, object code

(High level)

Ex:

   st1;

   st2;   //error

   st3;

   st4;  //error

   st5;

     Compiler:  (evaluate all lines of program) -- error at 2 and 4

C - Turboc

C++ - Turboc++

java - javac, JIT

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Interpreter

-------------

-Interpreter is a Translator

-Interpreter is a System software

-Interpreter is a System programs

-It is used to converts Source code (High level) to machine code (low level) as a line by line

                                           Interpreter

source code------------------------------------------------machine code

(user understand)                                               (machine understand)

(English)                                              (0,1),binary code, low level, target, object code

Ex:

   st1;

   st2;   //error

   st3;

   st4;  //error

   st5;

     Interpreter:  error at 2 line(line by line machine code conversion)

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Assembler

---------

-Assembler is a Translator

-Assembler is a System software

-Assembler is a System programs

-It is used to converts Assembly code to machine code(low level)

                                                  Assembler

Assembly code------------------------------------------------machine code

(user understand)                                                      (machine understand)

(English)                                                   (0,1),binary code, low level, target, object

(Symbolic or mnemonics)

Ex:

  ADD

  SUB

  START

  RUN

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Category of language

--------------------

1. Procedure Oriented Language

 -it follows some procedure (step by step)

 -can't alter step

 -can't add additional steps

Ex: COBOL, FORTRAN, BASIC

2. Structured Oriented Language

 -it follows some procedure (step by step)

 -can't alter step

 -can add additional steps based on user requirements (extend itself)

 -data access without reference

Ex: C

3. Object Oriented Language  

 -it follows some procedure (step by step)

 -can't alter step

 -can add additional steps based on user requirements (extend itself)

 -data access with reference

Ex: C++, Java, Python, Android, PHP

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Types of language

-----------------

1. Low level language

   (only machine code)

2. Middle level language

   (both low and high)

3. high level language

   (only English)

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